APA Citation Style, 6th edition  Tags: apa_style citation works_cited_list bibliography_american_psychological_association  

Information on Citing Reference in Text can be found on page 174 of the 6th edition of the APA.

One Work by One Author

Example 1:
     In 1999 Johansen reported that many women believe… (no parentheses are needed here, as all
     information is present).
Example 2:
     Johansen (1999) reported that many women believe…
Example 3:
     A report cited that many women believe…(Johansen, 1999). 

One Work by Two Authors
Each time a work by two authors is cited, cite both authors.  See examples from One Work by One Author for further information in how to cite.

Example:
     Maude and Harold (2002) claim attending funerals can be beneficial.
     In a 2002 study, Maude and Harold concluded that funerals are a necessary part of the grieving process.

One Work by Three, Four, or Five Authors
For the first text citation of a work by three to five authors cite all authors.  For all subsequent citations, include only the surname of the first author followed by et al. If the work is cited more than once within the same paragraph, omit the year after the first citation.

1^st Citation:
     Lennon, McCartney, Starr, and Harrison (1969) noted in their research…
2^nd Citation (and further citations):
     Lennon et al. (1969) provided evidence that…
2^nd Citation in same paragraph: 
     Lennon et al. found that… 

One Work by Six or More Authors
If a work you are citing has six or more authors, give only the surname of the first author followed by et al. and the year for the first and subsequent citations. 

Authors with the Same Surname
If you have two works with the first authors having the same surname, include the first author’s initials in all text citations, even if the year of publication differs.  

Corporations, Associations, Government Agencies, and Other Groups as Authors
Names of group authors are always spelled out in the first citation. The name should appear in the first text citation as it does in the reference citation.  However, in following citations, they are sometimes abbreviated and sometimes not.  How to decide: You need to give enough information in the text citation for someone to find the reference list citation.

Reference List Name:           National Institute of Mental Health. (1999).
First Text Citation:                (National Institute of Mental Health [NIMH], 1999)
Following Text Citations:      (NIMH, 1999)   

Works with No Author
For a work with no author, cite the first few words of the reference list citation and the year.

Article Example:         The findings demonstrate how … (“New Findings,” 2001).
Book Example:            In the book Dating of Beowulf (1981) it is stated that … 

Referring to Specific Parts of a Source
When citing a specific part of a source, include the appropriate information such as:

• page (abbreviate as p.)
• pages (abbreviate as pp.)
• chapter (abbreviate as chap.)
• figure
• table
• paragraph (abbreviate as para.)

When quoting, always include the page number.

Example 1:      Kinsey stated, “We are recorders and reporters of the facts…” (1953, p. 5).
Example 2:      Discussing female sexuality, the author proclaims… (Kinsey, 1953, chap. 9). 

Referring to Specific Parts of a Source – Electronic Documents without Page Numbers
For electronic documents that do not have page numbers (such as an article written in HTML that appears as one long page on the screen), give the paragraph number to indicate what part of the document you are referring to.  Precede the paragraph number with the abbreviation para.  Also include section names where appropriate.

Example 1:      As Friday stated, “They'd rather take their clothes off” (1984, para. 3).
Example 2:      When explaining the idea of jealousy … (Friday, 1984, Introduction section).
Example 3:     In her scandalous 1984 publication, Friday claims that dreams are never taboo (Introduction
                       section, para. 4).

Plagiarism is using the words, thoughts, or ideas of someone else without giving credit. Plagiarism can take many forms, and it can be intentional or accidental.

Resources about plagiarism:

•  Is it Plagiarism, yet?      
• Plagiarism: How to Define it, Recognize It, and Avoid Doing it.      
• How to Avoid Plagiarism      
• Plagiarism Court: You be the judge.      
  Interactive tutorial
• What is Plagiarism: A tutorial      
  Interactive tutorial

Plagiarism is taken very seriously at MCC. Please be sure to read this policy found in the MCC code of conduct. If you are not sure whether what you are doing is violating this policy ask us!

2.3.11 Academic Misconduct

1. Definitions
   1. Academic Misconduct - includes misconduct associated with the classroom, laboratory or clinical learning process. Examples of academic misconduct include, but are not limited to, cheating, plagiarism, excessive absences, use of abusive or profane language, and disruptive and/or threatening behavior.
   2. Cheating - includes, but is not limited to, (a) use of any unauthorized assistance in taking quizzes, tests, assessment tests or examinations; (b) dependence upon the aid of sources beyond those authorized by the faculty member in writing papers, preparing reports, solving problems, or carrying out other assignments; or (c) the acquisition, without permission, of tests or other academic material belonging to a member of the college faculty or staff.
   3. Plagiarism - includes, but is not limited to, the use of paraphrase or direct quotation of the published or unpublished work of another person without full and clear acknowledgment. It also includes the unacknowledged use of materials prepared by another person or agency engaged in the selling of term papers or other academic materials. Information gathered from the internet and not properly identified is also considered plagiarism.